Born in Bombay on January 24th, 1923, Hansa Wadkar, originally named Ratan, was a legendary Marathi and Hindi film and stage actress. She began her acting career at the age of thirteen as the heroine in the bilingual film “Vijaychi Lagne” (1936).
The title “Sangtye Aika” (I am Telling, Listen) was used by Wadkar for her autobiography compiled in 1971. The autobiography was initially serialized in the Marathi magazine “Manoos,” assisted by journalist Arun Sadhu.
“Bhumika”(1977), directed by Shyam Benegal, was based on Hansa Wadkar’s autobiography, with actress Smita Patil portraying Wadkar. The film won two National Awards: Best Actress for Smita Patil and Best Screenplay for Satyadev Dubey, Shyam Benegal, and Girish Karnad. It also won Best Film at the 25th Filmfare Awards.
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Hansa’s mother, Saraswati, was from a Devdasi lineage, while her father, Bhalchandra Salgaokar, belonged to a family of “kalavantin” (courtesans noted for their musical training and expertise). After the death of her great-grandmother, Baybai Salgaokar, the family acquired property in Sawantwadi. Due to Salgaokar’s alcoholism, they soon found themselves penniless and had to move to Bombay.
In Bombay, her father’s sister, Indira Wadkar, worked as an actress in movies of actor/director Master Vinayak, the husband of her other aunt, Sushila. Here, her older sisters also began working in films. She and her brother started school, but after a few years, Hansa had to drop out because the family believed her younger brother, the only son, deserved schooling more.
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Besides being a beautiful girl, Hansa showcased her talent in music and dance from an early age and received training accordingly. She made her acting debut as the leading lady in Baburao Pendharkar’s “Vijayache Lagaane” (1936), which was remade in Hindi the same year as “Shaadi Ka Mamla,” directed by Mama Warerkar. It was then that her name changed to Hansa Wadkar from Ratan Sagaonkar.
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Jagannath Bandarkar was her neighbour in Sawantwadi, and when he relocated to Bombay and started his theatre company, he asked Hansa to act in it. Hansa’s mother was not happy and accused them of an affair. Hansa, the rebel, got angry and actually started a relationship, marrying Jagannath Bandarkar in 1937 at the age of 15. She thought she would not have to work, but circumstances, a demanding family, and the failure of her husband’s theatre company and later printing press forced her back into films.
She made a comeback to films and acted in “Jung-E-Jawani” (1937), “Bahdur Kisan Sneh Lagna & Zamana” (1938) before joining Bombay Talkies in 1939. Her first film for them was “Navjeevan,” directed by Franz Osten and released in 1939, followed by “Durga” (1939) directed again by Franz Osten, and “Azad” (1940) directed by N. R. Acharya.
After the death of Himanshu Rai in 1940, she left Bombay Talkies and temporarily joined Prabhat Talkies, where she acted in “Sant Sakhu” (1941). Her next film was National Studios’s “Apna Paraya” (1942), directed by Ramachandra Thakur. “Mera Gaon” (1942) with P. Jairaj, Chhaya Devi, Agha, and K. C. Dey was another film with National Studios.
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She acted in “Dillagi” (1942), “Meena” (1944), “Raj Kumar” (1944) with Chetan Anand, “Ram Shastri” (1945), a biopic about 18th-century Chief Justice Ram Shastri for Prabhat films, “Main Kya Karun” (1945), “Aarti” (1945), and “Behram Khan” (1946) before joining the cast of “Lokshahir Ram Joshi” (1947), co-directed by V. Shantaram and Baburao Painter for Rajkamal Kalamandir. A biopic of the poet, kirtan, and Lavni performer Ram Joshi (1758-1812) set in the Peshwa period, it is one of Hansa’s most iconic films, showcasing Marathi folk dance and music.
She played the role of a “Tamasha Dancer” to perfection and received great critical and commercial acclaim in “Pudhache Paool” (1950), directed by Raja Paranjpe for Manik Studios, Pune.
She again played a Tamasha Dancer in “Sangtye Aika” (1959), directed by Anant Mane and co-starring Jayshree Gadkar. “Mee Tulas Tuzya Angani” in 1955 was directed by Raja Thakur for Navchitra Films and had Wadkar in a vamp’s role. The film won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi and Best Director in 1956.
Her family life was not a happy one, as her husband was abusive and controlling. Hansa started drinking heavily. In her autobiography, she recalled a particular incident when she got unconscious after a drinking session and found herself in a village with Joshi, one of the men she had been drinking with. He brought her as his third wife, virtually imprisoning her for a few years until she was able to send a letter to her husband.
Her husband arrived with the police and took her to the magistrate’s office in the neighboring town, where she had to testify. The magistrate sent her husband to get a signature on a paper and then proceeded to rape Wadkar. Since she did not speak out about the incident, no action was taken.
From a prison-like situation, she again came back to her husband, who again went on to abuse and exploit her for money. In her later years, while performing in plays, she met Rajan Jawale, an actor, with whom she formed a bond that lasted until her death.
Hansa Wadkar died on August 23, 1971, in Bombay, Maharashtra, India.
